What is a dynamic mic?'

What is a dynamic mic?

A dynamic mic is a mic that is basically a small speaker wired in reverse. It is a passive design where sound vibrations (like your voice) move the diaghram. Attached to the diaghram is a small coil of wires, that move past a magnet, typically made from Alnico or neodymium. As the coil moves, it creates a small alternating current. It then passes through some load matching circuitry and then to the output jack.

If it's a professional mic, it will have an XLR male output jack, and the resistance of the mic will be of the 'low Z' variety, excellent for traveling long distances along an XLR cable or snake.

If it's a consumer mic, it will have a cable with a 1/4 in plug, and will be of a 'high Z' resistance. These are not suited for long distances, and will typically be used with equipment like karaoke machines.

The benefits of using a dynamic mic are that they are very durable, will have a smoother sound, and are more directional. They can also handle a high Sound Pressure Level, such as that found in a kick drum, or very loud screaming vocalists.

The downside is, that compared to condenser mics, they are not as sensitive nor as nuanced. But, for live applications, they are the de facto standard for handheld stage use. When choosing a dynamic mic, there are numerous ones readily available. It is important to test out a few mics at your local music store to hear how they react. Different voices will produce different results.

Also, never forget to check the 'feedback rejection' characteristics of a mic. The tighter the pickup pattern means the more gain (and less work on your voice) before feedback begins to occur. It will also mean, in the case of a vocalist, that you should stay as close to the mic element as possible. 'Kissing the mic' is the phrase used for onstage, and people with good mic technique always stay as close as possible, and are able to use the proximity of the mic as an effect. For more intimate vocals, stay close, and for louder or screaming passages, back off.

A good dynamic mic will range in cost from $100 to $200 dollars, and should provide you with years of use.

Thanks for reading, and if you have any questions, please feel free to post a comment!

For additional reading, please click on the following articles:
What is a condenser mic?
What is a dynamic mic?
Microphones